IPHOEL COMPUTER: Keperawatan

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">SKRIPSI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">PENERAPAN PROSEDUR
KOMPRES HANGAT KERING (BULI-BULI) UNTUK MENGHILANGKAN RASA NYERI PADA LANSIA
DENGAN GASTRITIS di WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PERAWATAN ALLANG<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sebagai salah satu
syarat menyelesaikan pendidikan Diploma III Kesehatan Pada Program Studi Keperawatan
Politeknik<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">               </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kesehatan Kemenkes Maluku<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><u>COSTANTIA ANATJE LEUNUFNA</u>                     <u><o:p></o:p></u></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">NIM.P0712032017 0044<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">KEMENTRIAN KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">BADAN PENGEMBANGAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA KESEHATAN                          <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN KEMENKES MALUKU <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">PROGRAM STUDI KEPERAWATAN MASOHI                                                                                     
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">TAHUN 2018</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DAFTAR ISI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">HALAMAN JUDUL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN</span></b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">.................................................................................. i<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN</span></b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">.................................................................................................... ii<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">LEMBAR PENGESAHAN</span></b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">.................................................................................................... iii<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">KATA PENGANTAR</span></b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">............................................................................................................ iv<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DAFTAR ISI</span></b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">  ....................................................................................................................... vi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">ABSTRAK      </span></b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">...................................................................................................................... vii<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">BAB I PENDAHULUAN</span></b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">A.   Latar Belakang Masalah........................................................................................... 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">B.    Rumusan Masalah.................................................................................................... 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">C.    Tujuan Penelitian..................................................................................................... 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">D.   Manfaat Penelitian................................................................................................... 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA</span></b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">A.   Asuhan Keperawatan................................................................................................ 6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">B.    Konsep Lansia....................................................................................................... 12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">C.    Konsep Nyeri......................................................................................................... 22<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">D.   Konsep Terapi Kompres......................................................................................... 25<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">BAB III METODOLOGI PENULISAN</span></b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">A.   Rancangan Studi Kasus.......................................................................................... 27<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">B.    Subjek Studi Kasus................................................................................................ 27<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">C.    Fokus Studi............................................................................................................ 28<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">D.   Defenisi Operasional.............................................................................................. 28<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">E.    Tempat dan Waktu................................................................................................. 28<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">F.    Pengumpulan Data................................................................................................. 29<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">G.   Penyajian Data....................................................................................................... 29<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">H.   Etika Studi Kasus .................................................................................................. 29<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">BAB IV HASIL STUDI KASUS DAN PEMBAHASAN</span></b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">A.   Hasil Studi Kasus................................................................................................... 31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">B.    Pembasahan........................................................................................................... 34<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">C.    Keterbatasan Penelitian.......................................................................................... 37<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN</span></b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">A.   Kesimpulan .......................................................................................................... 38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">B.    Saran..................................................................................................................... 39<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN</span></b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">BAB II <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">TINJAUAN PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Asuhan
Keperawatan Pada Lansia dengan Gastritis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pengkajian
Keperawatan (Efrata, 2017)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Pengkajian
adalah langkah awal dari proses keperawatan yang meliputi aspek bio, psiko,
sosio, dan spiritual secara komprehensif. Maksud dari pengkajian adalah untuk
mendapatkan informasi atau data tentang pasien. Data yang berasal dari pasien (
data primer ), data yang berasal dari keluarga (data sekunder ) dan data dari
catatan yang ada ( data tersier ). Pengkajian dilakukan dengan pendekatan proses
keperawatan melalui wawancara, observasi langsung, dan melihat catatan medis,
adapun data yang diperlukan pada lansia dengan gastritis adalah sebagai
berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1.1.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Data
Dasar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Adapun data dasar yang dikumpulkan
meliputi :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Identitas
Pasien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Identitas
pasien meliputi nama, umur, jenis kelamin, suku bangsa, agama, pendidikan,
pekerjaan, alamat, tanggal masuk Rumah Sakit dan diagnosa medis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Riwayat
Kesehatan Sekarang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Riwayat
kesehatan sekarang meliputi perjalanan penyakitnya, awal dari gejala yang
dirasakan pasien, keluhan timbul secara mendadak atau bertahap, faktor
pencetus, upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah nyeri gastritis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Riwayat
Kesehatan Masa lalu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Riwayat
kesehatan masa lalu meliputi penyakit yang berhubungan dengan gastritis,
riwayat kecelakaan, riwayat dirawat di rumah sakit dan riwayat pemakaian obat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Riwayat
Kesehatan Keluarga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Riwayat
kesehatan keluarga meliputi adakah keluarga yang mempunyai penyakit keturunan
seperti hipertensi, jantung, DM, dan lain-lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Riwayat
Psikososial <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Riwayat
psikososial meliputi mekanisme koping yang digunakan pasien untuk mengatasi
masalah dan bagaimana motivasi kesembuhan dan cara pasien menerima keadaannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pola
Kebiasaan Sehari – hari<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Pola
kebiasaan sehari – hari pada lansia dengan gastritis meliputi cairan, nutrisi,
eliminasi, personal hygiene, istirahat tidur aktivitas dan latihan serta
kebiasaan yang mempengaruhi kesehatan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1.1.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pemeriksaan
Fisik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Pemeriksaan
yang dilakukan mulai dari ujung rambut sampai ujung kaki dengan menggunakan
empat teknik yaitu palpasi, inspeksi, auskultasi dan perkusi. Menurut Doenges (
2000 ) adapun hasil hasil pengkajian yang didapat dari hasil pemeriksaan pasien
gastritis antara lain : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Aktivitas/Istirahat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gejala : lemah, lemas, gangguan pola
tidur, dan istihat, kram abdomen, nyeri uluhati.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda : nyeri uluhati saat istirahat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sirkulasi
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gejala : keringat dingin ( menunjukan
status syok ), nyeri akut, respon psikologik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Eliminasi
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gejala : bising usus hiperaktif atau
hipoaktif, abdomen teraba keras, distensi perubahan pola BAB.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda : feses encer atau bercampur darah (
melena ) , bau busuk, konstipasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Integritas
Ego<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gejala : stress ( keuangan, hubungan
kerja), perasaan tidak berdaya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda : ansietas misalnya : gelisah,
pucat, berkeringat, perhatian menyempit, gemetar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan
dan Cairan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gejala : anoreksia, mual dan muntah, nyeri
uluhati, kram pada abdomen, sendawa bau busa, penurunan bau badan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda : membrane mukosa kering, muntah
berupa cairan yang berwarna kekuning-kuningan, distensi abdomen, kram pada
abdomen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Neorosensorik
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gejala : pusing, pandangan
berkunang-kunang, kelemahan pada otot.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda : lethargi, disorientasi  ( mengantuk ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri
/Kenyamanan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pengkajian nyeri dapat dilakukan dengan
cara PQRST (Hidayat, 2006)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">P (Pemacu) yaitu faktor yang mempengaruhi
gawat atau ringannya nyeri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Q (Quality) dari nyeri seperti apakah rasa
tajam , tumpul, atau tersayat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">R (Ragion) yaitu daerah perjalanan nyeri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">S (severity) adalah keparahan atau
intensitas nyeri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">T (Time) adalah lama/waktu serangan atau
frekuensi nyeri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gejala : nyeri epigastrium  kiri samping tengah atau ulu hati, nyeri yang
digambarkan sampai tajam, dangkal, rasa terbakar, perih.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda : meringis, ekspresi wajah tegang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pernafasan
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gejala : sedikit sesak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Penyuluhan
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gejala : faktor makanan, pola makan yang
tidak teratur, diet yang salah, gaya hidup yang salah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Diagnosa
Keperawatan ( SDKI, 2016 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri
akut berhubungan dengan agen cedera fisiologis ( inflamasi lambung ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Defenisi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Pengalaman
sensorik atau emosional yang berkaitan dengan kerusakan jaringan aktual atau
fungsional, dengan onset mendadak atau lambat dan berintensitas ringan hingga
berat yang berlangsung kurang dari 3 bulan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gejala dan tanda mayor <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Data Subjektif                                                 Data
Objektif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">mengeluh
nyeri                                         1.Tampak
meringis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">                                                                  2.Gelisah
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">                                                                  3.Frekuensi
nadi meningkat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">                                                                  4.Sulit
tidur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Gejala dan tanda minor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Data subjektif                                                  Data
Objektif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            ( <i>tidak tersedia )                                              </i>1.Nafsu
makan berubah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">                                                                                    2.Diaforesis
(berkeringat)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Defisit
nutrisi berhubungan dengan faktor psikologis ( stress, keengganan untuk menelan
). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Defenisi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Asupan nutrisi tidak cukup untuk memenuhi
kebutuhan metabolisme.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Gejala dan tanda mayor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Data Subjektif                                                 Data Objektif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      ( tidak
tersedia )  </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">                                            1.Berat
badan menurun                                                                          minimal 10% dibawah                                                                        rentang ideal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Gejala dan tanda minor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Data Subjektif                                                 Data Objektif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      1.Cepat kenyeng setelah makan                      1.Bising usus hiperaktif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      2.Kram / nyeri abdomen                                 2.Membran
mukosa pucat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      3.Nafsu<i>
</i>makan menurun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">              
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hipertermia
berhubungan dengan proses penyakit ( infeksi )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Definisi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Suhu tubuh meningkat diatas rentang normal
tubuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Gejala dan tanda mayor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Data Subjektif                                                 Data Objektif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      <i>(
tidak tersedia )          </i>                                    1.Suhu tubuh
diatas nilai                                                                       normal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Gejala dan tanda minor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Data Subjektif                                                 Data Objektif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      <i>(
tidak tersedia ) </i>                                             1.Kulit
merah <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">                                          </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">                                    2.Kejang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">                                                                              3.Kulit
terasa hangat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Resiko
ketidakseimbangan cairan berhubungan dengan perdarahan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Defenisi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Beresiko
mengalami penurunan, peningkatan atau percepatan perpindahan, cairan dari
intravaskuler, interstisial atau intraseluler.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">                 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Defisit
pengetahuan berhubungan dengan kurang terpaparnya informasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Defenisi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Ketiadaan atau kurangnya informasi
kognitif yang berkaitan dengan topic tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Gejala dan tanda mayor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Data Subjektif                                                 Data Objektif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      1.Menanyakan masalah yang dihadapi.          1.Menunjukan perilaku                                                                          tidak sesuai anjuran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">                                                                              2.Menunjukan
persepsi                                                                          yang keliru terhadap                                                                           masalah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Gejala dan tanda minor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Data Subjektif                                                 Data
Objektif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      <i>(
tidak tersedia )</i>                                              1.Menjalani
pemeriksaan                                                                       yang tidak tepat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">                                                                              </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.Menunjukan perilaku
                                                                         berlebihan ( mis .apatis,                                                                      bermusuhan, agitasi,                                                                  histeria )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1.3<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Intervensi
Keperawatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tabel
1 Intervensi Keperawatan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 45.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 638px;">
 <thead>
<tr style="height: 1.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
   <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.75pt;" width="37">
   <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">No<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
   <td colspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 98.1pt;" width="131">
   <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Diagnosa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Keperawatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">( SDKI, 2016 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
   <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.4pt;" width="243">
   <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Tujuan dan Kriteria Hasil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">( Noc )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
   <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6.0cm;" width="227">
   <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Intervensi keperawatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">( Nick )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
  </tr>
</thead>
 <tbody>
<tr style="height: 1.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.75pt;" valign="top" width="37">
  <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
  <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 98.1pt;" valign="top" width="131">
  <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Nyeri
  akut berhubungan dengan agen cedera fisiologis ( inflamasi lambung )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.4pt;" valign="top" width="243">
  <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Setelah
  dilakukan tindakan keperawatan diharapkan masalah nyeri berkurang atau hilang
  dengan kriteria :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Mengetahui
  faktor penyebab nyeri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Mengetahui
  permulaan terjadinya nyeri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Menggunakan
  tindakan pencegahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Melaporkan
  gejala.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Melaporkan
  kontrol nyeri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6.0cm;" valign="top" width="227">
  <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Melakukan
  pengkajian nyeri secara menyeluruh meliputi lokasi, durasi, kualitas,
  keparahan nyeri dan faktor pencetus nyeri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Observasi
  ketidaknyamanan nonverbal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Ajarkan
  teknik nonfarmakologi misalnya : relaksasi ,guideimageri, terapi musik,
  distraksi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Kendalikan
  faktor lingkungan yang dapat mempengaruhi respon pasien terhadap
  ketidaknyamanan misalnya : suhu, lingkungan, cahaya, kegaduhan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Kolaborasi
  : pemberian analgetik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.75pt;" valign="top" width="37">
  <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
  <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 98.1pt;" valign="top" width="131">
  <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Defisit
  nutrisi berhubungan dengan faktor psikologis ( stress, keengganan untuk makan
  )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.4pt;" valign="top" width="243">
  <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Setelah
  dilakukan tindakan keperawatan diharapkan kebutuhan nutrisi terpenuhi dengan
  kriteria hasil :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Pertahankan
  berat badan dalam batas normal. Berat badan ideal :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Rumus : 8+2n, n
  (umur)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Rumus: status
  nutrisi = BBx100%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Toleransi
  terhadap diet yang dianjurkan pasien mau makan minimal habis ½ porsi, nafsu
  makan baik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Melaporkan
  tingkat energy keadekuatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Menyatakan
  keinginan untuk mengikuti diet<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Nilai
  Laboratorium misalnya albumin dan globulin dalam batas normal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Albumin normal:
  3,5-5,3gr/dl<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Globulin normal:
  2,7-3,2gr/dl<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6.0cm;" valign="top" width="227">
  <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Kaji
  makanan yang membuat klien alergi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Tentukan
  makanan kesukaan klien.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Dorong
  pasien untuk memilih makanan yang lunak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Anjurkan
  pasien untuk mengkonsumsi makanan berprotein dan asupan vitamin C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Hindari
  makanan pedas asam atau berminyak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Monitor
  jumlah pemasukan nutrisi kalori<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Kolaborasi:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Diskusikan
  dengan ahli gizi untuk menentukan jumlah kebutuhan kalori dan protein.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Diskusikan
  dengan dokter kebutuhan stimulasi nafsu makan, makanan pelengkap.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="height: 27.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 27.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.75pt;" valign="top" width="37">
  <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.8pt;" valign="top" width="130">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Hipertermia
  berhubungan dengan proses penyakit ( infeksi<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
  <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.7pt;" valign="top" width="244">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">setelah
  dilakukan tindakan keperawatan diharapkan suhu tubuh normal dengan kriteria :
  <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">suhu tubuh dalam rentang
       normal<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">menjelaskan tindakan untuk
       mengurangi peningkatan suhu tubuh<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">tidak ada perubahan warna
       kulit<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">denyut nadi normal<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">respirasi normal<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">cairan <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">urin output <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">1-3 tahun=500-600ml,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">3-5 tahun=600-700ml,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">5-8 tahun=700-1000ml,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">8-14tahun=800-1400ml, 14-18
  tahun=1500ml<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">seimbang ( intake dan output )
  dalam 24 jam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="7" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Tekanan darah dalam batas
       normal<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6.0cm;" valign="top" width="227">
  <ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Observasi 
       tanda-tanda vital <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Berikan minuman peroral<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Kompres dengan air hangat<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Kolaborasi pemberian antipiretik<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Monitor masuk dan keluar cairan dalam 24 jam.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="height: 27.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 27.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 27.75pt;" valign="top" width="37">
  <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.8pt;" valign="top" width="130">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Resiko
  ketidakseimbangan cairan berhubungan dengan perdarahan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
  <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 182.7pt;" valign="top" width="244">
  <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">setelah
  dilakukan tindakan keperawatan diharapkan tidak ada tanda – tanda kekurangan
  volume cairan. Dengan kriteria hasil : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Keseimbangan intake dan
       output dalam 24 jam<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Tidak terlihat mata cekung<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Kelembaban kulit dalam batas
       normal<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Membrane mukosa lembab<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Berat badan stabil<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6.0cm;" valign="top" width="227">
  <ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Timbang popok jika diperlukan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Pertahankan intake dan output yang akurat<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Monitor status hidrasi (kelembaban membrane
       mukosa, nadi, adekuat, tekanan darah )<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Monitor vitalsign<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Dorong masukan oral<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Dorong keluarga untuk membantu pasien makan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Kolaborasi : <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">         
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Pemberian
  cairan IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">         
  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Pemberian
  transfusi darah jika diperlukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>

<tr height="0">
  <td style="border: none;" width="37"></td>
  <td style="border: none;" width="130"></td>
  <td style="border: none;" width="0"></td>
  <td style="border: none;" width="243"></td>
  <td style="border: none;" width="227"></td>
 </tr>

</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level3 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1.4<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Implementasi
Keperawatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Grindle
Mulyadi ( 2015 : 47 )”menyatakan implementasi merupakan proses umum tindakan
administrative yang dapat diteliti pada tingkat program tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Sedangkan
Horn ( Tahir, 2014 : 55 ) mengartikan implementasi sebagai tindakan – tindakan
yang dilakukan oleh baik individu – individu atau pejabat – pejabat atau
kelompok – kelompok pemerintah atau swasta yang di arahkan pada pencapaian
tujuan – tujuan yang telah digariskan dalam kebijakan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Setiap
tindakan keperawatan yang dilaksanakan dan dicatat dalam catatan keperawatan
yaitu cara pendekatan pada klien efektif, teknik komunikasi terapeutik serta
penjelasan untuk setiap tindakan yang diberikan kepada pasien.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Dalam
melakukan tindakan keperawatan menggunakan tiga tahap pendekatan yaitu
independen, dependen, interdependen. Tindakan keperawatan secara independen
adalah suatu kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh perawat tanpa petunjuk dan
perintah dari dokter atau tenaga kesehatan lainnya. Dependen adalah tindakan
yang berhubungan dengan pelaksanaan rencana tindakan medis. Sedangkan
interdependen adalah tindakan keperawatan yang menjelaskan suatu kegiatan dan
memerlukan kerja sama dengan tenaga kesehatan lainnya misalnya tenaga sosial,
ahli gizi dan dokter. Keterampilan yang harus dipunyai perawat dalam
melaksanakan tindakan keperawatan yaitu kognitif, sikap dan psikomotor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Dalam
melakukan tindakan khususnya pada pasien gastritis yang harus diperhatikan
adalah pola nutrisi meliputi frekuensi makan, porsi makan, waktu makan, jenis
makanan, keseimbangan cairan, skala nyeri pasien, serta melakukan pendidikan
kesehatan kepada pasien gastritis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level3 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1.5<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Evalusi
Keperawatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Menurut
doengoes ( 2000 ) evaluasi adalah tingkatan intelektual untuk melengkapi proses
keparawatan yang menandakan seberapa jauh diagnosa keperawatan, rencana
tindakan dan pelaksanaannya sudah berhasil dicapai atau belum. Kemungkinan yang
dapat terjadi pada tahap evaluasi adalah masalah dapat teratasi, masalah
teratasi sebagian, masalah belum teratasi atau timbul masalah baru. Evaluasi
yang diakukan adalah evaluasi proses dan evaluasi hasil ( Efrata, 2017 ).
Evaluasi proses adalah evaluasi yang harus dilaksanakan  segera setelah perencanaan keperawatan
dilaksanakan untuk membantu keefektivitasan terhadap tindakan. Sedangkan
evaluasi hasil adalah evaluasi yang dilaksanakan pada akhir tindakan
keperawatan secara keseluruhan sesuai dengan waktu yang ada pada tujuan (
Efrata, 2017 ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Adapun
evaluasi dari diagnose keperawatan gastritis secara teoritis adalah menghindari
makan makanan pengiritasi atau minuman yang mengandung kafein atau alcohol,
mempertahankan keseimbangan cairan meliputi mentoleransi terapi intravena sedikitnya
1,5 liter setiap hari, minum 6-8 gelas air setiap hari, mempunyai keluaran urin
kira-kira 1 liter setiap hari, menunjukan turgor kulit yang adekuat, melaporkan
nyeri berkurang, mematuhi program pengobatan meliputi, memilih makanan dan
minuman bukan pengiritasi, menggunakan obat-obatan sesuai resep ( Smeltzer &
Bare, 2001) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l38 level2 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Konsep
lansia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level3 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Defenisi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Lanjut
usia adalah seseorang yang apabila usianya 65 tahun keatas. Usia lanjut bukan
merupakan suatu penyakit namun merupakan tahap lanjut dari suatu proses
kehidupan yang ditandai dengan penurunan kemampuan tubuh untuk beradaptasi
dengan stress, lingkungan. Lansia adalah keadaan yang ditandai dengan kegagalan
seseorang untuk mempertahankan keseimbangan terhadap kondisi stress fisiologis,
kegagalan ini berkaitan dengan penurunan daya kemampuan untuk hidup serta
peningkatan kepekaan secara individual ( Efendi, 2009 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level3 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Klasifikasi
Lansia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menurut Maryam ( 2008 ) ada lima
klasifikasi lansia yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pralansia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Seorang yang berusia 45-59 tahun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lansia
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Seorang yang berusia 60 tahun atau lebih<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lansia
resiko tinggi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Seorang yang berusia 70 tahun atau lebih<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lansia
potensial<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lansia yang masih mampu melakukan
pekerjaan dan / atau kegiatan yang masih dapat menghasilkan barang atau jasa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lansia
tidak potensial<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lansia yang tidak berdaya mencari nafkah
sehingga hidupnya bergantung pada bantuan orang lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menurut WHO dalam
Nugroho ( 2000 ) lanjut usia meliputi :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Usia
pertengahan <i>( middle age ) </i>yaitu
kelompok usia 45-59 tahun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Usia
lanjut <i>(eldery )</i> antara 65-74 tahun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Usia
lanjut tua <i>( old )</i> antara 75-90 tahun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Usia
sangat tua <i>( very old )</i> diatas 90
tahun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.3<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tipe
lansia <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Menurut
Maryam ( 2008 ), beberapa tipe lansia bergantung pada karakter, pengalaman
hidup, lingkungan, konisi fisik, mental, sosial dan ekonominya. Tipe tersebut
dapat dijabarkan sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tipe
arif bijaksana<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Kaya
dengan hikmah, pengalaman menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan jaman, mempunyai
kesibukan, bersikap ramah, rendah hati, sederhana, darmawan, memenuhi undangan
dan menjadi panutan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tipe
mandiri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Mengganti
kegiatan yang hilang dengan yang baru dan selektif dalam mencari pekerjaan,
bergaul dengan teman dan memenuhi undangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tipe
tidak puas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Konflik
lahir batin menentang proses penuaan sehingga menjadi pemarah, tidak sabar,
mudah tersinggung, sulit dilayani, pengkritik, dan banyak menuntut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tipe
pasrah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Menerima
dan menunggu nasib baik, mengikuti kegiatan agama dan melakukan pekerjaan apa
saja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tipe
bingung<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Kaget,
kehilangan kepribadian, mengasingkan diri, minder, menyesal, pasif dan acuh tak
acuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2.4<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Karakteristik
Lansia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menurut ( Keliat, 1999 dalam Maryam 2008
), lansia memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berusia
lebih dari 60 tahun ( sesuai dengan pasal 1 ayat (2) UU No.13 tentang kesehatan
)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kebutuhan
dan masalah yang bervariasi dari sehat sampai sakit, dari kebutuhan
biopsikososial sampai spiritual, serta dari kondisi adaptif hingga kondisi
maladaptive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lingkungan
tempat tinggal yang bervariasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l38 level2 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.3<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Konsep
nyeri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.3.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pengertian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Nyeri
merupakan kondisi perasaan tidak menyenangkan bersifat sangat subjektif karena
perasaan nyeri berbeda pada setiap orang dalam hal skala atau tingkatnya dan
hanya orang tersebutlah yang dapat menjelaskan atau mengevaluasi rasa nyeri
yang dialaminya ( Hidayat, 2006 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.3.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Fisiologi
nyeri (Kozier & dkk, 2010 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nosisepsi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">System saraf tepi meliputi saraf sensorik
yang khusus mendeteksi kerusakan jaringan dan menimbulkan sensasi sentuhan,
panas, dingin, nyeri, dan tekanan. Reseptor yang menyalurkan nyeri disebut
nosiseptor. Reseptor nyeri atau nosiseptor ini dapat dirangsang oleh stimulus mekanis,
suhu, atau kimia. Proses fisiologis yang berhubungan dengan presepsi nyeri
digambarkan sebagai nosisepsi. Empat proses terlibat dalam nosisepsis :
transduksi, transmisi, presepsi, madulasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Transduksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Selama fase transduksi stimulus berbahaya
( cedera jari tangan ) memicu pelepasan mediator biokimia ( misalnya
prostaglandin, bradikinin, serotinin, histamine, zat P ) yang mensensitisasi
nesiseptor. Stimulasi menyakitkan atau berbahaya juga menyebabkan pergerakan
ion-ion menembus membran sel, yang membangkitkan nosiseptor. Obat nyeri dapat
bekerja selama fase ini dengan menghambat produksi prostaglandin ( misalnya
ibuprofen ) atau dengan menurunkan gerakan ion-ion menembus membran sel
(anastesis local).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Transmisi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Proses nosisepsi kedua, tranmisi nyeri,
meliputi tiga segmen ( McCaffery & Pasero, 1999 ). Selama segmen pertama,
implus nyeri berjalan dari serabut saraf tepi ke madula spinalis . zat   P
bertindak sebagai sebuah neorotransmiter yang meningkatkan pergerakan impuls
mnyebrangi sinaps saraf dari neuron afferent primer ke neuron ordo kedua di
kornu dorsalis medula spinalis. Dua tipe serabut nosiseptor menyebabkan
transmisi ini ke kornu dorsalis medula spinal : serabut C yang mentransmisikan
nyeri tumpul yang berkepanjangan dan serabut A-delta, yang mentransmisikan
nyeri tajam dan lokal. Segmen kedua adalah transmisi dari medula spinalis dan
asendens, melalui trakstus spinotalamikus, kebatang otak dan thalamus. Segmen
ketiga melibatkan transmisi sinyal antara thalamus ke korteks sensorik somatik
tempar terjadinya presepsi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Presepsi
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Proses ketiga, presepsi adalah saat klien
menyadari rasa nyeri diyakini bahwa presepsi nyeri terjadi dalam struktur
kortikal, yang memungkikan strategi kognitif perilaku yang berbeda dipakai
untuk mengurangi komponen sensorik dan efektif nyeri ( McCaffery & pasero,
1999, hal 22 ) misalnya intervensi nonfarmakologi dapat membantu mengalihkan
perhatian klien dari nyeri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Modulasi
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Seringkali digambarkan sebagai “system
desendens” proses keempat ini terjadi saat neuron di batang otak mengirimkan
sinyal menuruni kornu dorsalis medula spinalis ( paice, 2002, halm 75 ).
Serabut desendens ini melepaskan zat seperti opoid endogen, serotonin dan
norepineprin, yang dapat menghambat naiknya impuls berbahaya ( menyakitkan ) di
kornu dorsalis. Namun neurotransmitter ini diambil kembali oleh tubuh yang
membatasi kegunaan analgesiknya (McCaffery & Pasero, 1999 ). Klien yang
mengalami nyeri kronik dapat  diberi
resep antidepresen trisiklik, yang menghambat ambilan kembali norepineprin dan
serotonin. Tindakan ini meningkatkan fase modulasi yang membantu menghambat
naiknya stimulus yang menyakitkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.3.3<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tipe
nyeri (Kozier & dkk, 2010 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri dapat digambarkan dalam hal durasi,
lokasi atau etiologinya meliputi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri
akut, baik nyeri memiliki awitan mendadak atau lambat tanpa memperhatikan
intensitasnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri
kronik berlangsung lama biasanya bersifat kambuhan atau menetap selama 6 bulan
atau lebih dan mengganggu fungsi tubuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri dapat
dikategorikan sesuai dengan asalnya <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri
kutaneus, berasal dikulit atau jaringan subkutan. Teriris kertas yang
menyebabkan nyeri tajam dengan sedikit rasa terbakar aalah sebuah contoh nyeri
kutaneus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri
somatik profunda berasal dari ligament, tendon, tulang, pembuluh darah dan
saraf. Nyeri somatik profunda menyebar dan cenderung berlangsung lebih lama
dibandingkan nyeri kutaneus. Keseleo pergelangan kaki adalah contoh nyeri
somatic profunda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri
viseral, berasal dari stimulasi preceptor nyeri di rongga abdomen, cranium dan
toraks. Nyeri viseral cenderung menyebar dan seringkali terasa seperti nyeri
somatic profunda yaitu rasa terbakar, nyeri tumpu atau merasakan tertekan.
Nyeri viseral seringkali disebabkan oleh peregangan jaringan, iskemia atau
spasme otot misalnya obstruksi usus akan menyebabkan nyeri viseral.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri juga dapat digambarkan sesuai dengan
tempat dilaksanakannya nyeri tersebut ditubuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri
menjalar, dirasakan di sumber nyeri dan meluas di jaringan –jaringan sekitarnya
misalnya nyeri jantung tidak hanya dirasakan di dada tetapi juga dirasakan disepanjang
bahu kiri dan turun ke lengan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri
alih adalah nyeri yang dirasakan di satu bagian tubuh yang cukup jauh dari
jaringan yang menyebabkan nyeri misalnya nyeri yang berasal dari sebuah bagian
visera abdomen dapat dirasakan di suatu area kulit yang jauh dari organ yang
menyebabkan rasa nyeri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri
tidak tertahankan adalah nyeri yang sangat sulit untuk diredakan salah satu
contohnya adalah nyeri akibat keganasan stadium lanjut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri
neuropatik adalah nyeri akibat kerusakan sistem saraf tepi atau sistem saraf
pusat dimasa kini atau dimasa lalu dan mungkin tidak mempunyai sebuah stimulus
seperti kerusakan jaringan atau saraf untuk rasa nyeri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri
bayangan yaitu sensasi rasa nyeri yang dirasakan pada bagian tubuh yang telah
hilang ( misalnya kaki yang telah di amputasi ) atau yang lumpuh akibat cedera
tulang belakang adalah sebuah contoh neuropatik. Ini dapat dibedakan dari
sensasi bayangan yaitu perasaan bahwa bagian tubuh yang telah hilang masih ada.
Insiden nyeri bayangan dapat dikurangi jika analgesik diberikan melalui kateter
epidural sebelum amputasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.3.4<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Faktor
yang mempengaruhi presepsi nyeri ( Rosdahi & Kowalski, 2014 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ambang
batas nyeri adalah intensitas stimulus terendah yang menyebabkan subjek
mengenali nyeri ( Taylor, Lilis, LeMone & Lynn, 2008 ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Toleransi
nyeri menunjukan poin ketika seseorang tidak lagi dapat menahan nyeri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.3.5<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pengukuran
nyeri <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">            Menurut
Jensen et.al (1986 ) Littmannet.et.al (1985 ) pengukuran nyeri menggunakan
numerical ratinge scale (NERS) adalah suatu alat ukur yang meminta pasien untuk
menilai rasa nyerinya sesuai dengan level intensitas nyeri pada skala 0-10.
Angka 0 berarti “tidak nyeri” dan 10 “nyeri sangat hebat” dokter atau terapis
dapat memperoleh data utama yang berarti kemudian digunakan skala tersebut pada
setiap pengobatan berikutnya untuk memonitor apakah terjadi kemajuan. Skala ini
sangat sederhana dan cocok untuk beragam pasien dari pada skala lainnya (
Sudaryanto & dkk, 2003 ) Numerical rating scale (NERS) dianggap sederhana
dan mudah dimengerti namun kekurangannya adalah keterbatasan pilihan kata untuk
menggambarkan rasa nyeri, tidak memungkinkan untuk membedakan tingkat nyeri
dengan lebih teliti dan dianggap terdapat jarak yang sama antar kata yang
menggambarkan efek analgesik ( Yudiyanti & dkk, 2015 ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.4 Konsep
Buli-Buli Panas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.4.1 Pengertian <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memberikan kompres panas kering dengan menggunakan
buli-buli panas ( Osca Perawat Pemasangan Buli-Buli panas, 2011 ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.4.2 Prinsip
Fisiologi Kompres Panas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">                  Menurut isticomah ( 2007 )
kompres panas merupakan tindakan untuk mengurangi nyeri dengan memberikan
energi panas melalui proses konduksi. Kompres panas adalah memberikan rasa
panas pada daerah tertentu dengan menggunakan cairan atau alat yang menimbulkan
panas pada bagian tubuh yang memerlukan. Pemberian kompres dilakukan pada
bagian radang persendian, kejang otot, perut kembung, dan kedinginan (Permata
Sari & Susilowati, 2016 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">                  Menurut Smeltzer & Bare
(2005) kerja kompres panas dengan menggunakan buli-buli panas yang dibungkus
kain yaitu secara konduksi dimana terjadi pemindahan panas dari buli-buli
kedalam tubuh sehingga akan menyebabkan pelebaran pembuluh darah dan akan
terjadi penurunan ketegangan otot sehingga nyeri yang dirasakan akan berkurang
atau hilang ( Permata Sari & Susilowati, 2016 ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">                  Menurut Runiari & Surniati
(2012) pemberian kompres panas dapat menimbulkan efek panas serta efek
stimulasi kutaneus berupa sentuhan yang dapat menyebabkan terlepasnya
endorphin, sehingga memblok transmisi stimulus nyeri  (Ndede & dkk, 2015). Teori<i> gate control </i>mengatakan bahwa stimulasi
kutenus akan merangsang serabut-serabut saraf perifer untuk mengirimkan impuls
melalui dorsal horn pada medulla spinalis, saat impuls yang dibawah oleh
serabut A-beta mendominasi maka mekanisme gerbang akan menutup sehingga impuls
nyeri tidak dihantarkan ke otak (Presetyo, 2010).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">                  Menurut Potter & Perry
(2006) kompres panas juga akan menghasilkan efek fisiologis untuk tubuh yaitu
efek vasodilatasi, peningkatan metabolisme sel dan merelaksasikan otot sehingga
nyeri yang dirasa berkurang (Ndede & dkk, 2015).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">   Dengan pemberian kompres panas,
pembuluh-pembuluh darah melebar sehingga akan memperbaiki peredaran darah
didalam jaringan tersebut. Dengan cara ini penyaluran zat asam dan bahan
makanan ke sel-sel diperbesar dan pembuangan dari zat-zat yang dibuang akan
diperbaiki, jadi akan timbul proses pertukaran yang lebih baik sehingga
aktivitas sel yang meningkat akan mengurangi rasa sakit dan akan menunjang
proses penyembuhan luka dan radang (Steven & dkk, 1999).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.4.3 Tujuan
(Teaching, 2016)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">a.  memperlancar sirkulasi darah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">b.  mengurangi rasa sakit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">c.  menurunkan suhu tubuh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">d. memberikan
kenyamanan dan rasa hangat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">e. mencegah
terjadinya kejang demam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">f. merangsang
peristaltic usus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">g. merangsang
pengeluaran getah radang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.4.4 Kebijakan
(Teaching, 2016)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">a. Pasien dengan
perut kembung<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">b. pasien yang
kedinginan akibat : iklim, akibat nerkose dan hipotermi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">c. pasien dengan
radang : radang persendiaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">d. kejang otot<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">e. Abses, hematom
(bengkak akibat suntikan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.4.5 Peralatan
(Osca Perawat Pemasangan Buli-Buli panas, 2011)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">a. WWZ dan
sarungnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">b. perlak dan
alasnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">c. termos berisi
air panas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">d. thermometer air<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">e. Lap kerja<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.4.6 Prosedur
Pelaksanaan (Teaching, 2016)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">a. Tahap
prainteraksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">   1)  mengecek program terapi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">   2) mencuci tangan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">   3) menyiapkan alat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">b. Tahap Orientasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">     1) memberikan salam kepada pasien dan sapa
nama pasien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">     2) menjelaskan tujuan dan prosedur
pelaksanaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">     3) menanyakan persetujuan/kesiapan pasien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">c. Tahap Kerja<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">  1) Menjaga privacy pasien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">  2) Bawa alat kedekat pasien <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">  3) Pakai sarung tangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">  4) Pasang perlak/pengalas dibawah area yang
akan diberikan kompres.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">  5) Periksa Buli-Buli panas apakah bocor atau
tidak dengan cara: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">a) membalikan
mulutatau tempat memasukan air kemudian lihat apakah terjadi kebocoran  / tidak (kalau bocor air akan keluar dari
penutupnya).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 99.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">b) dengan meremas
dan lihat apakah ada keluarnya udara bersamaan dengan tetesan air atau tidak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">6) Lakukan
pemanasan terlebih dahulu buli-buli 
panas dengan cara mengisi terlebih   dahulu air panas daan mengencangkan sekrupnya
( penutup).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">7) Kemudian
membalikan posisi buli-buli panas berulang kali lalu dikosongkan kembali.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 81.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8) Siapkan dan
ukur air panas yang akan diberikan dengan thermometer air ( ± 50-60▫ c)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">9) isi buli-buli
panas kembali dengan air panas ± ½ bagian, lalu keluarkan udara dengan cara : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">                    
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Meletakan
buli-buli panas diatas meja atau tempat yang datar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Melipat
bagian atas buli-buli panas sampai kelihatan permukaan air dileher atau dimulut
buli-buli panas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menutup
buli-buli dengn bnar dan rapat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Periksa
sekali lagi apakah ada kebocoran atau tidak, lalu keringkan dengan lap kerja
atau tisu dan masukan ke dalam sarungnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bawa
buli-buli panas ke dekat pasien dan letakan/pasang pada area yang memerlukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Setelah
selesai diberikan, kaji secara teratur kondisi pasien untuk kelainan yang
timbul misalnya kemerahan, ketidaknyamanan, kebocoran dan sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ganti
buli-buli panas setelah 20 menit pemberian ( sesuai kebutuhan).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Rapikan
pasien dan lingkungan, bantu atur kembali ke posisi yang nyaman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">d. Tahap terminasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">a. melakukan evaluasi
tindakan yang dilakukan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">b. berpamitan
dengan pasien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">c. membereskan
alat-alat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">d. buka sarung
tangan, cuci tangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">e. mencatat
kegiatan dalam lembar catatan keperawatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.4.7 hal-hal yang
harus diperhatikan (Teaching, 2016)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      a. water warm Zack (buli-buli panas) tidak
dianjurkan untuk diberikan pada pasien yang terjadi perdarahan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">b. jika buli-buli panas pada bagian perut,
tutup buli-buli diarahkan keatas atau ke samping <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">     c. jika dipasang pada bagian ekstremitas
bawah, penutup buli-buli panas menghadap kebawah atau kesamping.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      d. buli-buli diperiksa kembali, harus ada
cincin kater (secrup) pada penutupnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">   e. yang paling penting pada saat pemberian
apabila terlalu panas dan harus diberikan sebaiknya menggunakan pengalas atau
pembungkus kain yang telah disiapkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">BAB III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">METODE PENELITIAN<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Rancangan
Studi kasus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">         Karya tulis menggunakan desain studi
kasus deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus menurut Nasution (2003)
penelitian kualitatif adalah mengamati orang dalam lingkungan, berinteraksi
dengan mereka dan menafsirkan pendapat mereka tentang dunia sekitar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">           Penulisan
dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengurangi nyeri pada pasien dengan gastritis di
Puskesmas perawatan Allang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Subjek Studi Kasus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">           Terdiri
dari dua klien yang diamati dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kriteria
inklusi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lansia  yang mengalami gastritis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lansia
yang bersedia menjadi responden<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lansia  yang berumur 60-74 tahun  <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lansia
laki-laki dan perempuan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lansia
diwilayah kerja puskesmas perawatan Allang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kriteria
eksklusi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Klien
yang mengalami nyeri bukan disebabkan oleh gastritis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Klien
yang tidak sadarkan diri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">   Klien dengan komplikasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.3<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Fokus Studi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">         Penerapan
prosedur buli-buli panas untuk mengurangi nyeri pada lansia dengan gastritis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.4<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Defenisi Operasional<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pemberian
buli-buli panas adalah melakukan kompres menggunakan kantong karet berisi air
panas ( suhu ± 50-60 ͦ c ). Yang diletakan pada area yang mengalami nyeri.
Dapat dilakukan selama 20 menit dan dapat dilakukan selama 2x sehari sesuai
kebutuhan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nyeri
adalah perasaan tidak menyenangkan akibat dari kerusakan jaringan, nyeri yang
dimaksud adalah nyeri epigastrium.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lansia
adalah sesorang yang apabila usianya 65 tahun keatas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pasien
gastritis adalah pasien yang mengalami peradangan atau inflamasi pada lapisan
mukosa dan sub mukosa lambung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.5<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Instrumen Studi Kasus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Instrument yang
digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasi dan SOP pemberian buli-buli
panas. Observasi dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan daftar checklist, catatan
anecdotal, catatan berkala dan skala penelitian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Observasi
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">         
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Daftar
checklist : menggunakan daftar yang memuat nama observasi disertai jenis gejala
yang diamati (format terlampir) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Catatan
anecdotal : mencatat gejala-gejala khusus atau luar biasa menurut urutan
kejadian (fomat terlampir).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">         
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Catatan
berkala : mencatat gejala secara berurutan menurut waktu, namun tidak
terus-menerus (format terlampir).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Skala
penelitian : pengukuran nyeri menggunakan numerical rating scale (format
terlampir).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">SOP
pemberian buli-buli panas (format terlampir)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Langkah
– langkah pengumpulan data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dalam pengumpulan
data langkah-langkah yang dilakukan yaitu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengkaji
nyeri yang dialami responden dengan PQRST.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 94.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">  
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Melihat
keluhan responden dan mengukur skala nyerinya 
  sebelum dilakukan tindakan
pemberian buli-buli panas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Melakukan
tindakan pemberian buli-buli panas pada daerah            yang
mengalami nyeri selama 20 menit sesuai kebutuhan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 94.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">  
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Melihat
kembali keluhan responden dan mengukur skala     nyerinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 94.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Melakukan
evaluasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.6<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Metode pengumpulan data <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">               Prosedur
pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam studi kasus yaitu data dikumpul dengan
cara biofisiologis ( pengukuran yang berorientasi pada dimensi fisiologis
manusia, baik invivo maupun invitro).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.7<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tempat
dan Waktu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tempat Penelitian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Penelitian
ini direncanakan akan dilakukan di wilayah kerja            puskesmas perawatan allang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.      Waktu Penelitian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">      Waktu
pelaksanaan penelitian akan berlangsung selama 1 bulan      dimulai dari bulan mei sampai bulan juli 2018.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.8<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Analisis
Data dan  Penyajian Data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">        Data
disajikan secara tekstular/narasi dan tabular disertai dengan cuplikan ungkapan
verbal dari subjek studi kasus yang merupakan data pendukungnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.9<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Etika Studi Kasus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">               Pertimbangan etik dalam
penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan memenuhi prinsip-prinsip <i>the five right of human subjects in research</i>  (Macnee, 2004).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> lima hak tersebut meliputi :  <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">  
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hak
untuk <i>self determination, </i>klien
memiliki otonomi dan hak untuk membuat keputusan secara sadar dan dipahami
dengan baik, bebas dari paksaan untuk berpartisipasi atau  tidak dalam penelitian ini atau untuk
mengundurkan diri dari penelitian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">  
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hak
untuk <i>privacy</i> dan <i>diginity, </i>berarti bahwa klien memiliki
hak untuk dihargai tentang apa yang mereka lakukan dan apa yang dilakukan
terhadap mereka serta untuk mengontrol kapan dan bagaimana informasi tentang
mereka dibagi dengan orang lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">  
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hak
<i>anonymity </i>dan <i>confidentiality, </i>maka informasi yang didapat dari klien harus
dijaga dengan sedemikian rupa sehingga informasi individu tertentu tidak bisa
langsung dikaitkan dengan klien, dan klien juga harus dijaga kerahasiaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">  
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hak
terhadap penanganan yang adil memberikan individu hak yang sama untuk dipilih
atau terlibat dalam penelitian tanpa diskriminasi dan diberikan penenganan yang
sama dengan menghormati seluruh persetujuan yang telah disepakati.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">  
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hak
untuk mendapat perlindungan dari ketidaknyamanan dan kerugian mengharuskan agar
klien dilindungi dari eksploitasi dan peneliti harus menjamin bahwa semua usaha
dilakukan untuk meminimalkan bahaya atau kerugian suatu penelitian. Pada
penelitian ini untuk memahami hak-hak tersebut peneliti memberikan <i>informed consent </i>yang memungkinkan
peneliti untuk mengevaluasi kesediaan klien berpartisipasi dalam penelitian
pada berbagai tahap dalam proses penelitian. Maksud dari <i>informed consent </i>agar klien dapat membuat keputusan yang dipahami
dengan benar beerdasarkan informasi yang tersedia dalam dokumen <i>informed consent.</i> Klien diberikan
penjelasan singkat tentang penelitian yang meliputi tujuan penelitian, prosedur
penelitian, durasi ketertiban klien, hak-hak klien dan diharapkan dapat
berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. klien yang menyatakan untuk berpartisipasi
dalam penelitian ini kemudian menandatangani lembar persetujuan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">BAB IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">HASIL STUDI KASUS
DAN PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hasil
studi kasus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Studi
kasus ini dilaksanakan di Ruang Anggrek RSUD Masohi dengan 2 responden
penelitian dan selama 2 hari, mulai tanggal 9 April-10 April 2018 dan 30 Mei-31
Mei 2018. Sebelum hasil studi kasus dijelaskan, berikut ini akan dijelaskan
terlebih dahulu tentang gambaran umum lokasi penelitian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Rumah
Sakit Umum Daerah Masohi (RSUD Masohi) merupakan unsur pelaksana pemerintah
daerah di bidang Pelayanan Kesehatan, di pimpin oleh seorang Direktur yang
berada di bawah dan bertanggung jawab kepada Bupati melalui Sekretaris Daerah.
Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Masohi  ini
berlokasi di Jl. Dr G A Siwabessy Masohi, Maluku Tengah, Indonesia. Rumah Sakit
Umum Daerah Masohi (RSUD Masohi) memiliki beberapa ruangan salah satunya adalah
ruangan Anggrek yang merupakan ruang Obstetri. Ruangan Anggrek merupakan tempat
peneliti melakukan studi kasus. Ruang Anggrek terdapat dua kelas yaitu satu
kamar bersalin dan dua bangsal yang terdiri dari bangsal post partum dan
bangsal ginekologi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Subjek
studi kasus dalam penelitian ini adalah 2 orang ibu inpartu kala I fase aktif
yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan mendapat tindakan yang sama yaitu <i>counter pressure </i> dan relaksasi napas dalam. Terdiri dari 2 responden
yang diberikan tindakan yang sama. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara dan
observasi dapat dilihat dibawah ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Karakteristik
subjek studi kasus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ny. A usia 21 tahun, alamat waipia,
pendidikan SMP, pekerjaan ibu rumah tangga, status perkawinan menikah, usia
kehamilan 42 minggu, HPHT 15 juni 2017, taksiran partus pada tanggal 22 maret
2018, Ny. A mengikuti kelas prenatal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ny. D usia 27 tahun, alamat sugiarto,
pendidikan SMA, pekerjaan ibu rumah tangga, status perkawinan menikah, usia
kehamilan 40 minggu, HPHT 27 Agustus 2017, taksiran partus pada tanggal 04
maret 2018, Ny. A mengikuti kelas prenatal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Riwayat
persalinan sekarang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ny. A mulai partus pada tanggal 09 april
2018 dengan tanda dan gejala mengeluhkan nyeri hebat menjalar dari pinggang ke
paha, hasil pemeriksaan DJJ 153 x/mnt, lama kala I 6 jam, keadaan psikososial
ibu sangat menerima kehamilannya dan menanti kelahiran sang buah hati.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ny. D mulai partus pada tanggal 30 mei
2018 dengan tanda dan gejala mengeluhkan nyeri hebat melingkar dari perut
tembus ke belakang, hasil pemeriksaan DJJ 158 x/mnt, lama kala I 8 jam, keadaan
psikososial ibu sangat menerima kehamilannya dan menanti kelahiran sang buah
hati.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hasil
observasi his  dan ekspresi wajah sebelum
dan pada saat dilakukan tindakan <i>counter
pressure </i>dan relaksasi napas dalam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Subjek penelitian
diberikan tindakan <i>counter pressure </i>dan
relaksasi napas dalam ± selama 1jam pada kala I fase aktif yang dilakukan oleh
peneliti, selanjutnya keluarga dan klien diajarkan untuk dapat melakukan
pengontrolan nyeri secara mandiri agar dapat diaplikasikan selama proses
persalinan berlangsung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ny. A hasil observasi
his dan ekspresi wajah sebelum diberikan tindakan <i>counter pressure </i>dan relaksasi napas dalam dimulai pada pukul 21.00
WIT intensitas his kuat, durasi 30 detik, frekuensi 2 kali, interval 20 menit,
ekspresi wajah klien nampak  meringis. Selanjutnya
pada pukul 21.30 WIT intensitas his kuat, durasi 40 detik, 3 kali, interval 20
menit, ekspresi wajah klien nampak meringis. Dan pada pukul 22.00 WIT
intensitas his kuat, durasi 45 detik, 4 kali, interval 20 menit, ekspresi wajah
klien nampak meringis. Hasil observasi his pada saat diberikan tindakan <i>counter pressure </i>dan relaksasi napas
dalam didapatkan hasil yang sama dengan sebelum diberikan tindakan hanya saja
perbedaan pada ekspresi wajah dimana pada saat diberikan tindakan <i>counter pressure </i>dan relaksasi napas
dalam ekspresi wajah klien nampak rileks dalam menjalani proses persalinan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 20.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ny. D hasil observasi
his dan ekspresi wajah sebelum diberikan tindakan <i>counter pressure </i>dan relaksasi napas dalam dimulai pada pukul 20.30
WIT intensitas his kuat, durasi 30 detik, frekuensi 3 kali, interval 20 menit,
ekspresi wajah klien nampak  meringis.
Selanjutnya pada pukul 21.00 WIT intensitas his kuat, durasi 40 detik, 3 kali,
interval 20 menit, ekspresi wajah klien nampak meringis. Dan pada pukul 21.30
WIT intensitas his kuat, durasi 45 detik, 4 kali, interval 20 menit, ekspresi
wajah klien nampak meringis. Hasil observasi his pada saat diberikan tindakan <i>counter pressure </i>dan relaksasi napas
dalam didapatkan hasil yang sama dengan sebelum diberikan tindakan hanya saja
perbedaan pada ekspresi wajah dimana pada saat diberikan tindakan <i>counter pressure </i>dan relaksasi napas
dalam ekspresi wajah klien nampak rileks dalam menjalani proses persalinan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hasil
pengukuran tanda-tanda vital sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan tindakan <i>counter pressure </i>dan relaksasi napas
dalam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ny. A hasil pengukuran Tanda – tanda vital
sebelum dilakukan tindakan <i>counter
pressure </i>dan relaksasi napas dalam didapatkan hasil tekanan darah 110/70
mmHg, nadi 80 x/mnt, suhu 36,5<sup>0</sup>C, pernapasan 22 x/mnt. Sesudah
dilakukan tindakan <i>counter pressure </i>dan
relaksasi napas dalam didapatkan hasil tekanan darah 110/70 mmHg, nadi 80
x/mnt, suhu 36,5<sup>0</sup>C, pernapasan 20 x/mnt.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ny. D hasil pengukuran Tanda – tanda vital
sebelum dilakukan tindakan <i>counter
pressure </i>dan relaksasi napas dalam didapatkan hasil tekanan darah 120/80
mmHg, nadi 92 x/mnt, suhu 37<sup>0</sup>C, pernapasan 20 x/mnt. Sesudah
dilakukan tindakan <i>counter pressure </i>dan
relaksasi napas dalam didapatkan hasil tekanan darah 120/80 mmHg, nadi 90
x/mnt, suhu 37<sup>0</sup>C, pernapasan 20 x/mnt.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Observasi
pengaruh <i>massage counter pressure </i>untuk
mengontrol nyeri persalinan pada ibu inpartu kala I fase aktif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ny. A respon objektif saat diberikan
tindakan <i>massage counter pressure </i>yaitu
mengerutkan dahi, memegang bagian belakang, melakukan perubahan posisi,
mengeluarkan hembusan napas secara tidak teratur. Respon subjektif saat
diberikan tindakan <i>massage counter
pressure</i> merasa tenang pada saat diberikan penekanan pada sacrum,  mengeluhkan nyeri pada bagian belakang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ny. D A respon objektif saat diberikan
tindakan <i>massage counter pressure </i>yaitu
mengerutkan dahi, memegang bagian belakang, melakukan perubahan posisi,
mengeluarkan hembusan napas secara tidak teratur. Respon subjektif saat
diberikan tindakan <i>massage counter
pressure</i> merasa tenang pada saat diberikan penekanan pada sacrum,  mengeluhkan nyeri pada bagian belakang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Observasi
pengaruh relaksasi napas dalam<i> </i>untuk
mengontrol nyeri persalinan pada ibu inpartu kala I fase aktif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 20.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ny.
A respon objektif saat diberikan tindakan relaksasi napas dalam<i> </i>yaitu mengerutkan dahi, mengelus-elus
perut, memegang bagian belakang, menekan bagian belakang, nyeri belum
terkontrol. Respon subjektif saat diberikan tindakan relaksasi napas dalam mengeluhkan
nyeri pada bagian belakang, merintih kesakitan pada pinggang belakang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 20.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ny.
D respon objektif saat diberikan tindakan relaksasi napas dalam<i> </i>yaitu mengerutkan dahi, mengelus-elus
perut, memegang bagian belakang, menekan bagian belakang, nyeri belum
terkontrol. Respon subjektif saat diberikan tindakan relaksasi napas dalam mengeluhkan
nyeri pada bagian belakang, merintih kesakitan pada pinggang belakang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Observasi
pengaruh <i>massage counter pressure </i>dan
relaksasi napas dalam<i> </i>untuk
mengontrol nyeri persalinan pada ibu inpartu kala I fase aktif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ny. A respon objektif saat diberikan
tindakan <i>massage counter pressure </i>dan
relaksasi napas dalam<i> </i>yaitu ekspresi
wajah rileks, menjalani proses persalinan dengan baik, nyeri dapat
terkontrol  dengan cepat. Respon subjektif
saat diberikan tindakan <i>massage counter
pressure </i>dan relaksasi napas dalam yaitu klien mengatakan merasa sangat
rileks saat diberikan tindakan, mengatakan merasa sangat nyaman saat
dikolaborasikan kedua tindakan dan keluarga klien mengatakan merasa sangat
terbantu dengan tindakan yang diajarkan dalam mengontol nyeri persalinan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ny. D respon objektif saat diberikan
tindakan <i>massage counter pressure </i>dan
relaksasi napas dalam<i> </i>yaitu ekspresi
wajah rileks, menjalani proses persalinan dengan baik, nyeri dapat
terkontrol  dengan cepat. Respon
subjektif saat diberikan tindakan <i>massage
counter pressure </i>dan relaksasi napas dalam yaitu klien mengatakan merasa
sangat rileks saat diberikan tindakan, mengatakan merasa sangat nyaman saat
dikolaborasikan kedua tindakan dan keluarga klien mengatakan merasa sangat
terbantu dengan tindakan yang diajarkan dalam mengontol nyeri persalinan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pembahasan
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan
membuktikan terdapat perbedaan gambaran nyeri yang dialami ibu inpartu kala I
fase aktif sebelum dan pada saat dilakukan tindakan <i>massage counter pressure</i> dan relaksasi napas dalam dimana, sebelum
dilakukan tindakan<i> massage counter
pressure</i> dan relaksasi napas dalam kedua responden  mengalami nyeri menjalar dari pinggang ke
paha serta nyeri melingkar dari perut tembus ke belakang dengan rata-rata nyeri
yang dialami yaitu nyeri hebat. Setelah dilakukan tindakan tindakan<i> massage counter pressure</i> dan relaksasi
napas dalam selama 20 menit, setiap kontraksi muncul, nyeri persalinan yang
dialami kedua responden dapat terkontrol. Dan ibu dapat menjalani proses
kelahiran dengan baik dan rileks. Dari hasil perbedaan tesebut menunjukan bahwa
adanya perubahan pengontrolan nyeri dimana terdapat perubahan dalam hal
pengontrolan nyeri yang dialami responden sebelum dilakukan tindakan tindakan<i> massage counter pressure</i> dan relaksasi
napas dalam dan pada saat dilakukan tindakan tindakan<i> massage counter pressure</i> dan relaksasi napas dalam. Sehingga dari
studi kasus ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa  tindakan<i>
massage counter pressure</i> dan relaksasi napas dalam dapat berdampak terhadap
pengontrolan nyeri pada ibu inpartu kala I fase aktif di  Ruang Anggrek RSUD Masohi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hasil penelitian studi kasus ini didukung
oleh beberapa penelitian yang serupa seperti yang dilakukan oleh Erinda
Frestiana (2015) tentang Aplikasi tindakan teknik <i>counter pressure </i>terhadap penurunan nyeri pada asuhan keperawatan
Ny. S dengan persalinan kala I fase aktif di ruang VK RSUD Sukoharjo didapatkan
hasil sebagaian besar petani sebelum dilakukan kompres hangat mengalami nyeri
sedang. Sebagian besar ibu inpartu kala I fase aktif sesudah dilakukan tindakan
<i>massage counter pressure </i>mengalami
nyeri ringan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut diketahui pengaruh signifikan
pemberian tindakan <i>massage counter
pressure </i>terhadap penurunan nyeri pada ibu inpartu kala I fase aktif. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 20.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Penelitian yang
serupa juga dilakukan oleh Atun
Raudotul Ma’rifah & Surtiningsih
(2013) tentang Efektifitas tehnik <i>counter
pressure </i>dan <i>endorphin Massage </i>terhadap nyeri persalinan kala 1 pada
ibu bersalin di RSUD Ajibarang pada responden sebelum diberikan tindakan
<i>counter pressure</i> yaitu
didapatkan sebagian besar responden berada pada tingkat nyeri berat. Nyeri
persalinan pada responden sesudah diberikan tindakan <i>counter pressure</i> yaitu didapatkan sebagian besar responden
berada pada pada tingkat nyeri ringan. Berdasarkan uji statistik didapatkan ada
pengaruh pemberian <i>counter pressure</i>
terhadap penurunan skala nyeri pada nyeri persalinan kala I fase aktif di  RSUD
Ajibarang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Keterbatasan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Penyelesaian studi kasus ini tidak terlepas
dari adanya keterbatasan yang menjadi hambatan dalam penelitian studi kasus ini
yakni :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Keterbatasan
mendapatkan pasien di RSUD Masohi sesuai kriteria inklusi dalam studi kasus
ini. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Waktu
penelitian yang cukup lama dikarenakan keterbatasan dalam hal mendapatkan
pasien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">BAB V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">PENUTUP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kesimpulan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdasarkan
hasil studi kasus dan pembahasan yang telah diuraikan dalam BAB sebelumnya maka
dapat disimpulkan bahwa :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan
membuktikan terdapat perbedaan gambaran nyeri yang dialami lansia dengan
gastritis sebelum dan setelah dilakukan tindakan kompres hangat dimana, sebelum
dilakukan tindakan<i> </i>kompres hangat kedua
responden  mengalami nyeri uluhati dengan
rata-rata nyeri yang dialami yaitu nyeri sedang. Setelah dilakukan tindakan
tindakan<i> </i>pemberian<i> </i>kompres hangat selama 20 menit, nyeri
yang dialami kedua responden dapat berkurang. Dari hasil perbedaan tesebut
menunjukan bahwa adanya perubahan rasa nyeri dimana terdapat perubahan dalam
yang dialami responden sebelum dan setelah dilakukan tindakan kompres hangat.
Sehingga dari studi kasus ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa  pemberian kompres hangat dapat berdampak
terhadap penurunan rasa nyeri pada klien lansia dengan gastritis di Puskesmas
Perawatan Alang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Saran
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdasarkan kesimpulan  yang dikemukakan di atas  maka saran yang dapat peneliti berikan antara
lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bagi
Masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Diharapkan dengan
hasil penelitian studi kasus ini kiranya dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat
dalam mengatasi rasa nyeri pada klien lansia dengan gastritis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo41; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bagi
Pengembangan Ilmu dan Teknologi Keperawatan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Diharapkan dengan
hasil penelitian studi kasus ini kiranya dapat menambah keluasan ilmu dan
teknologi terapan bidang keperawatan dalam mengatasi rasa nyeri pada klien
lansia dengan gastritis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Penulis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Diharapkan dengan
hasil penelitian studi kasus ini kiranya dapat memberikan gambaran untuk dijadikan
sebagai acuan dalam mengimplementasikan tindakan pemberian kompres hangat bagi
klien lansia dengan gastritis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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PENERAPAN PROSEDUR KOMPRES HANGAT KERING (BULI-BULI) UNTUK MENGHILANGKAN RASA NYERI PADA LANSIA DENGAN GASTRITIS di WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PERAWATAN ALLANG

SKRIPSI PENERAPAN PROSEDUR KOMPRES HANGAT KERING (BULI-BULI) UNTUK MENGHILANGKAN RASA NYERI PADA LANSIA DENGAN GASTRITIS di WILAYAH KE...

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